Shahrukh Khan - the Living Legend free essay sample

His eighth Filmfare Best Actor Award win made him the most awarded Bollywood actor of all time in that category, tied only with actor Dilip Kumar. In 2005, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri for his contributions towards Indian cinema. After graduating with a bachelors degree in economics, he started his career appearing in theatre and several television serials in the late 1980s and later made his Hindi film debut in 1992 with Deewana. Early in his career, Khan was recognised for his unconventional choice of portraying negative roles in films such as Darr (1993), Baazigar (1993), and Anjaam (1994). He later rose to prominence by playing a series of romantic roles in the films Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995). ,[8] Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). [9] The commercial success of these films earned him the tag of the King of Romance. [8] Khan then subsequently earned wide critical appreciation for his portrayal of a NASA scientist in Swades (2004), a hockey coach in Chak De! India (2007), and as the titular character in My Name Is Khan (2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Shahrukh Khan the Living Legend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 10][11] 12 of the films he has acted in, have accumulated gross earnings of over 100 crore (US$18 million) worldwide,[12][13] making him one of the most successful leading actors of Hindi cinema. [14] Khan is the co-founder of Dreamz Unlimited, a production company and occupies the position of co-chairman of the motion picture production and distribution company Red Chillies Entertainment and the animation studio Red Chillies VFX. He is also co-owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders. [15] The year 2007 marked his debut as a television presenter with the Star Plus gaming show Kaun Banega Crorepati. 16] Khan is often labelled by the Media as Brand SRK due to his various brand endorsement and entrepreneurship ventures. He is also a regular stage performer and award ceremony host and has been involved in philanthropic endeavors related to Health care, relief funds and childrens education, for which he was honoured with the UNESCOs Pyramide con Marni award in 2011. [17][18] Khan is considered to be one of the biggest film stars in cinematic history, with a fan following claimed to number in the billions; in 2011, the Los Angeles Times called him the worlds biggest movie star. [19] He has also been regularly featured in the listing of the most powerful names in Indian Cinema and in 2008, Newsweek named him one of the 50 most powerful people in the world. [5] Khan has an estimated net worth of over US $600 million(25 bi llion). [20][21][22][23] He has been married to Indian film producer and interior designer, Gauri Khan since 1991, and together they have two children. Contents [hide] 1 Early life and background 2 Acting career 2. 1 1988–92: Early work and breakthrough 2. 2 1993–97: Critical and commercial success 2. 3 1998–2002: International recognition 2. 4 2003: Spine injury and subsequent surgery . 5 2003–10: Stardom and critical acclaim 2. 6 2011–present: Continuing other ventures 3 Producer 4 Philanthropy 5 Non-film work 5. 1 Television presenting 5. 2 Stage performances 5. 3 Brand SRK 5. 4 Ownership of IPL cricket team 6 Public image 7 In popular media 8 Acting style and analysis 9 Filmography 10 See also 11 Notes 12 Bibliography 13 External links Early life and background Khan was born on 2 November 1965 to Muslim parents in New Delhi, India. [24][25] His father, Taj Mohammed Khan, a Pathan, was an Indian independence activist from Peshawar, British India , present day Pakistan. According to Khan, his paternal grandfather was originally from Afghanistan. [26] His mother, Lateef Fatima, was the adopted daughter of Major General Shah Nawaz Khan of the Janjua Rajput clan, who served in the Indian National Army. [27] Khans father came to New Delhi from Qissa Khawani Bazaar in Peshawar before the partition of India,[28] Regarding his origins, he described himself on Twitter as half hyderabadi (mom) half Pathan (Dad) some kashmiri (grandmom)[29] His father died from cancer when Khan was 15 years old, and his mother died in 1990 after prolonged illness. 30][31] Khan was very attached to his parents as a child and describes their early deaths as a turning point in his life and as his biggest motivation for hard work. He explained that his ideology in life is to make movies so damn bloody big that my parents somewhere sit down on a star and from there also can look at their son and say I can see his movies from here better than I can see the Wall of China or anythin g. We see his movies covering the face of this earth. [32] Khan has an elder sister named Shehnaz. [33] Growing up in Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi,[34] Khan attended St. Columbas School where he was accomplished in sports, drama, and academics. He won the Sword of Honour, an annual award given to the student who best represents the spirit of the school. Khan later attended the Hansraj College (1985–1988) and earned his Bachelors degree in Economics. When Hansraj College celebrated its 50th anniversary, it gave away 17 shields to its alumni who had excelled in their lives and professions. Khan was one of them. Though he pursued a Masters Degree in Mass Communications at Jamia Millia Islamia, he later opted out to pursue a career in Bollywood. 35] He also attended the National School of Drama in Delhi. [36] After the death of his mother, Khan moved to Mumbai in 1991. [37] He married Gauri Chibber, a Hindu, in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony on 25 October 1991. [30] They have two children, son Aryan (b. 1997) and daughter Suhana (b. 2000). According to Khan, while he strongly believes in Islam, he also values his wifes religion. At home, his children follow both religions, with the Quran being situated next to the Hindu deities. [38] Acting career See also: Shahrukh Khan filmography 1988–92: Early work and breakthrough Khan studied acting under the mentorship of theatre director Barry John at Delhis Theatre Action Group (TAG). [39] Khans first starring role was in Lekh Tandons television series Dil Dariya, but due to production delays, the 1988 television series, Fauji was his television debut. He played the leading role of Commando Abhimanyu Rai in the critically acclaimed show, which earned him mass recognition. [37][40] He went on to appear in Aziz Mirzas Circus (1989)[41] and played a minor role in the made-for-television English-language film, In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989). His appearance in these teleserials, led critics to compare his acting style with that of film actor Dilip Kumar. [42] In 1991, Khan shifted base to Mumbai and received his first film offer with Hema Malinis directorial debut Dil Aashna Hai. [37] However, due to production delays, his second film, Deewana (1992), alongside Rishi Kapoor and Divya Bharti released first. [36][43] The film became a box office hit, and launched his career in Bollywood. [44] Despite portraying a supporting character in the film, he won a Filmfare Best Male Debut Award, the following year. He subsequently featured in Mani Kauls adaptation of Fyodor Dostoevskys The Idiot, Idiot. Originally made for television, the film eventually received a theatrical release and debuted at the New York Film Festival on 8 October 1992. [45] Later that year, he played the titular character in the comedy, Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman, which was his first of many collaborations with actress Juhi Chawla. The film proved to be a box office hit. [46] He went on to star in Ketan Mehtas Maya Memsaab, an adaptation of Gustave Flauberts novel Madame Bovary. Upon release, the film generated controversy in India due to Khans appearance in an explicit sex scene with co-star Deepa Sahi. [47] 1993–97: Critical and commercial success In 1993, Khan garnered appreciation for portraying negative roles, that of an obsessive lover and a murderer, respectively, in the box office hits, Darr and Baazigar. [48] The Encyclopedia of Hindi Cinema analyzed that he defied the image of the conventional hero in both these films and created his own version of the revisionist hero. [49] Darr marked the first of many collaborations of Khan with film-maker Yash Chopra and his banner Yash Raj Films. Khans stammering in the film and the usage of the phrase, I love you, Kkkiran, were popular with the audiences. [50] His other release, Baazigar, in which he played an ambiguous avenger who murders his girlfriend, shocked the Indian audiences with an unexpected violation of the standard Bollywood formula. [51] His performance in Baazigar won him his first Filmf are Best Actor Award. The same year, Khan played the role of a love-struck musician in Kundan Shahs dramedy Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa, a performance that earned him a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance. In a retrospective review by Rediff, Sukanya Verma called it Khans best performance and added, He was spontaneous, vulnerable, boyish, mischievous and acting straight from the heart. [52] Khan, himself, considers this film to the best film that he has acted in. [53] In 1994, Khan once again played an obsessive lover in Anjaam, co-starring Madhuri Dixit. Though the film was a commercial failiure, Khans performance earned him the Filmfare Best Villain Award. [54] Khan, holding a painting of his character Raj Malhotra from Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge(1995) that was gifted to him during an appearance on a TV show. In 1995, Khan starred in two box-office blockbusters. His first release was Rakesh Roshans melodramatic thriller Karan Arjun, in which Khan was a part of an ensemble cast that included Salman Khan, Kajol, Mamta Kulkarni, Raakhee and Amrish Puri. The film, which dealt with the concept of reincarnation, became the second-highest grossing film of the year in India. 55] He followed it with Aditya Chopras directorial debut, the romance Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge. A major critical and commercial success, the film became the years top-grossing production in India and abroad. [56] The film was declared an all time blockbuster; it remains the longest-running film in the history of Indian cinema[57] and as of 2011, it is still playing at the Maratha Mandir theatre in Mumbai. [58] Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge has grossed over 1. 2 billion worldwide. The film won ten Filmfare Awards, and Khans performance as a young NRI who alls for Kajols character while on a trip across Europe won him critical acclaim and his second Best Actor Award at the Filmfare. In 2005, Indiatimes Movies ranked the film amongst the 25 Must See Bollywood Films, citing it as a trendsetter of sorts. [59] Raja Sen reviewed, Khan gives a fabulous performance, redefining the lover for the 1990s with great panache. Hes cool and flippant, but sincere enough to appeal to the junta [audience]. The performance itself is, like the best in the business, played well enough to come across as effortless, as non-acting. [60] 1996 proved to be a disappointing year for Khan, as he appeared in two critical and commercial failiures, Praveen Nischols English Babu Desi Mem and Mahesh Bhatt Chaahat[61] However, in 1997, his starring role in Subhash Ghais social dram a Pardes earned him commercial success. The film, which also featured Mahima Chaudhry and Apurva Agnihotri, saw him portray the role of Arjun, a musician facing a moral dilemma. His performance earned him a nomination for the Best Actor at the Filmfare Award ceremony. He then featured in Aziz Mirzas romantic comedy, Yes Boss, opposite Juhi Chawla. Upon release, the film performed moderately well at the box-office. [62] His final release of the year was Yash Chopras blockbuster musical romanance, Dil to Pagal Hai. The project, also featuring Madhuri Dixit and Karishma Kapoor, marked his second collaboration with the filmmaker. Khan essayed the role of Rahul, a stage director who falls in love with one of his new actresses, played by Dixit. The film as well as his performance met with critical appreciation; he won his third Best Actor Award at the Filmfare. [62] 1998–2002: International recognition In 1998, Khan appeared in three films. His first release was Mahesh Bhatts action comedy, Duplicate opposite Juhi Chawla and Sonali Bendre. The film, which saw him portray a double role, marked his first of many collaborations with Yash Johars production company, Dharma Productions. The film however, failed to do well at the box office. [63] He then won critical praise for his performance in Mani Ratnams acclaimed Dil Se The film was the third in Ratnams trilogy of terror films that depict human relationships against a background of Indian politics, after Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995). 64][65] Khan played the part of Amarkant Amar Varma, an All India Radio correspondent, who develops an infatuation for a mysterious terrorist, played by Manisha Koirala. [66] Rediff. com published, Khan delivers a compelling performance. He plays the part with taut restraint, and expresses exasperation superbly. [67] The film,which failed financially in India, however, emerged as a commercial success overseas,[68] becoming the first Indian film to enter the top 10 at the United Kingdom box office. [69][70] His final release of the year was Karan Johars candyfloss romance, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, which paired him with Kajol and Rani Mukerji. The film was declared an all time blockbuster, with a worldwide gross of over 1 billion. [71] Khan played the role of Rahul Khanna, a college student, who falls in love with his best friend, Anjali(Kajol) after the death of his wife, Tina( Rani Mukerji), years after breaking contact with her. His performance won him the Best Actor award at the Filmfare ceremony for the second consecutive year. Khans only release in 1999, Baadshah opposite Twinkle Khanna, was an average grosser, for which he earned a Filmfare Award nomination for Best Performance in a Comic Role. 72] In the same year, Khan set up his own production company, Dreamz Unlimited with actor, Juhi Chawla and director, Aziz Mirza. (see below). In 2000, the three collaborated on their first film, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani. The film opened to mixed reviews from critics and audiences alike and failed to emulate the commercial success of the trios previous films, Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman and Yes Boss. [73] Khans next release was Mansoor Khans action drama Josh. The film starred Khan as the leader of a Christian gang in Goa, with Aishwarya Rai playing his twin sister. The film emerged as a box office success in both India and abroad. [73] Vinayak Chakravorty of Hindustan Times wrote that Khan basks in his tailormade role, donning with panache the garb of a streetsmart tough. [74] He next played the role of a Muslim archaeologist, beaten to death during the unrest following the partition of India in Hey Ram. Directed by and co-starring Kamal Hassan, the film was critically acclaimed and was selected as Indias entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the Oscars that year. [75] Additionally, for the Tamil version of the film, Khan dubbed for his own lines. 76] His final release of the year was Aditya Chopras romantic drama, Mohabbatein, co-starring Amitabh Bachchan. The film was a major financial success, and Khans performance as a music teacher was acclaimed by critics; Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama mentioned him to be outstanding as Raj Aryan. He was awarded his second Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film. I n 2001, Khan produced and essayed the titular role in Santosh Sivans historical epic, Asoka, a partly fictionalised account of the life of Ashoka the Great. 77] The film was screened at the Venice Film Festival and the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival to a positive response. [78] The film, which also featured Kareena Kapoor received generally positive reviews with Khan receiving favourable reactions for his performance; Rediff concluded that he puts in a strong performance, in this well defined role. [79] He next collaborated with Karan Johar again in the family drama, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, in which he featured as a part of an ensemble cast that included Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Kajol, Kareena Kapoor and Hrithik Roshan. The film was a major financial success in India and the top-grossing Indian production of all-time in the overseas market until 2006, earning over 1. 17 billion worldwide. [80] Khans portrayal of Rahul Raichand, an adopted son of Bachchans character, who disowns him for marrying a girl belonging to a lower socio-economic group than his family, played by Kajol, met with wide public appreciation. Khan described the character of Rahul by saying, I love the vulnerability and the honesty in his eyes. He has the appeal of a boy next door. Besides, his intensity and ability to convey emotions without words is amazing. [81] Taran Adarsh reviewed, Khan sparkles yet again, noting that he performed the part with amazing poise, class, honesty and maturity. [82] It garnered him another nomination for the Filmfare Best Actor Award. Khan termed Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham as a turning point in his career. [81] In 2002, Khan played the titlular role, The role of Devdas in Sanjay Leela Bhansalis period romance, Devdas, which was the most expensive Bollywood film ever made at the ti

Training and selective stimulus control in rats Essay Example

Training and selective stimulus control in rats Essay Example Training and selective stimulus control in rats Paper Training and selective stimulus control in rats Paper The aim of the experiment was to show that rats demonstrated stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control during operant conditioning. The first hypothesis was the subject would learn to discriminate between the VR16 conditions that signal reinforcement and the EXT conditions. It was also hypothesised that the stimulus used to discriminate between VR16 and EXT would either be the light or the tone, not a combination. The participant in this experiment was a 16-month-old, female, Spague Dawley albino rat that was randomly selected from a group of 20. The apparatus used was an operant chamber, which delivered two stimuli (a light and a tone) to the subject, and a reinforcer of diluted condensed milk. During the first week of experimentation the subject underwent discrimination training, this was followed by a series of probe trials in the second week. The results from the first week showed the subject learned that no reinforcement was given during EXT, because the rate of responding decreased. The second weeks results showed that high tone was the stimulus used to discriminate between the stimuli. These results supported both the hypotheses, and it was concluded that rats do demonstrate stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control. The major theorists for the development of operant conditioning were Edward Thorndike (1910), John Watson (1914), and Burrhus Skinner (1938) (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). They proposed that learning is the result of the application of consequences following overt behaviour; that is, subjects begin to connect certain responses with certain stimuli. This led Thorndike to conclude that the probability of a specific response reoccurring is changed according to the consequences following the response, and he labelled this learning conditioning (Carlson and Buskist 1997, Huitt and Hummel, 1997). In 1910, Thorndike used the notion of consequences to teach cats and dogs to manipulate a latch in a puzzle-box, to activate a door and escape (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). The consequence was either punishment or reward (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). Thorndike measured the time it took the animal to escape over various trials, and over time he noted that the animals latency to escape decreased consistently until it would activate the lever immediately after being placed in the box (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). The reward of being freed from the box somehow strengthened the association between the stimulus of being in the box and the appropriate action (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). Thorndike concluded that the reward strengthened the stimulus-response associations (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). He then went on to formulate his law of effect, which can be summarised by saying that an animal is more likely to repeat a response if the result is favourable, and less likely to repeat the action if the consequences were not favourable (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). There were two possible consequences of a behaviour, reinforcement or punishment. These could be divided into two sub-categories, positive (sometimes called pleasant) and negative (sometimes called aversive). These could be added to or taken away from the environment in order to change the probability of a given response occurring again (Carlson and Buskist, 1997. Werzburg University). Punishment decreases the repetition of behaviour and reinforcement usually increases the likelihood of response being repeated. A stimulus that acts as an indicator to the subject, suggesting that a reinforcer is available is said to be a discriminative stimulus (Gleitman, 1995). A discriminative stimulus affects the subjects behaviour considerably (Gleitman, 1995), as it influences the likelihood of a response occurring (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). Reynolds (1961) conducted experiments where two pigeons learned to tap a red key with a white triangle. To determine which was the discriminative stimulus, he tested the two birds with either a plain red key or a plain key with just a white triangle. Reynolds (1961) found that the first bird used the red key as the discriminative stimulus and the second bird used the white triangle to discriminate between stimuli. This experiment is also an example of selective stimulus control, where each pigeon selected which stimulus it believed was responsible for producing the reinforcer. To effectively study how a subject behaves in a given environment and to certain stimuli, it was necessary to establish a schedule of reinforcement, which is a set of guidelines saying how often the subject is reinforced (Gleitman, 1995). Stimuli could be presented to the environment according to a schedule of which there were two categories: continuous and intermittent (Gleitman, 1995), or not at all using extinction. Continuous reinforcement simply means that the behaviour is followed by a consequence each time it occurs. Intermittent schedules were based either on the passage of time (interval schedules) or the number of correct responses emitted (ratio schedules). The consequence could be delivered based on the same amount of passage of time or the same number of correct responses (fixed) or it could be based on a slightly different amount of time or number of correct responses that vary around a particular number (variable). This results in four classes of intermittent schedules, fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), and variable ratio (VR) (Gleitman, 1995). [Note: Continuous reinforcement is actually a specific example of a fixed ratio schedule with only one response emitted before a consequence occurs.]. The final schedule was extinction. During extinction, the subject is no longer reinforced for producing a previously reinforced response. Because there is no reward for responding, the frequency of the response decreases until it stops altogether (Carlson and Buskist, 1997. Huitt and Hummel, 1997. Gleitman, 1995). For the purpose of this experiment we used two alternating schedules of consequence (Lab Manual Psychology 111/112, 2002), Variable Ratio of 16 (VR16), where a reinforcer was given after an average of 16 responses, and Extinction (EXT). VR schedule was chosen, as a variable ratio was thought to be the best for maintaining behaviour (Werzburg University).  The aim of the experiment was to demonstrate stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control in rats, and in turn, give support to past research indicating that learning comes from experience. The subject for this experiment was a female, albino rat, approximately 18 months old. The rat was placed in the operant chamber and subjected to two stimuli, a light and a tone. VR was paired with a dull light and high tone (1000Hz) and EXT was paired with a bright light and a low tone (500Hz) (Lab Manual Psychology 111/112, 2002). By reviewing past research, two hypotheses were formulated. The initial hypothesis was that the subject would learn to discriminate between the VR16 conditions that signal reinforcement and the EXT conditions, and therefore the rates of responding during VR16 would be higher than during EXT. It was also hypothesised that the stimulus used by the rats to discriminate would either be the light or the tone, not a combination (selective stimulus control).

Elementary science unit plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Elementary science unit plan - Essay Example displaced or pushed aside by an article weigh up more as compared to the object or article itself, the water is capable of holding the object up on its surface. The object floats. 5. Explain with an example, take an aluminum foil and make a boat. Float this boat on the surface of water. It pushes greater amount of water because of its large surface area and therefore the aluminum boat floats. At the same time explain displacement of water by the aluminum boat. 6. Explain the fundamental of surface area of the foil. Now crumple the foil to reduce the surface area. When this crumpled aluminum ball is placed in water it displaces less water as compared to its weight and therefore the crumpled aluminum ball sinks. The main objective is to make the students understand that matter is made up of molecules. Generalization and representational aspects enable students to communicate scientifically with their immediate environment and relate objects which can float and which cannot float. 5. Explain the concept that when boat and other objects which float, are placed in water they push aside enough water to generate a force that keeps the objects on the surface of water and thus the objects such as boats float. 10. Explain the concept why things float? Perform a simple experiment with the help of saltwater or fresh water to explain which is more buoyant? In any way, addition of salt in water affects the buoyancy of water? This could be performed by taking two containers, one with normal water (label as Normal Water) and other with salt water (Label as Salt Water). Place one-one egg in each of the containers. 11. Ask the students to observe carefully. Explain the fundamental that by adding salt the density of water increased. Salt water is denser as compared to the normal water. As soon as eggs are placed in the jars containing normal water and salt water, the egg in the normal water sinks while egg in the saline water floats. This is because of the density of water.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Economics - Essay Example Cones home began to slide, and stated that he would resort to simply killing any of the woodpecker that he saw without informing others, so that he may use his land as he pleases; Cones disregard for the Act made it pointless. To protect endangered species, the government would have to front a massive amount of money if they wish to see success in their plans. The cost of the plan, though, would depend on each endangered species; the species would be funded for individually, not as an entire group of all endangered animals (Keim, 2009). The benefit of the government interfering would be that these species would have a chance to breed and strive, rising above the status of an endangered species. The government would have rules and regulations set down to force people to be aware of their natural surroundings and the environment, in hopes of saving these species. By not protecting an endangered species, the government does not lose money to a cause that may or may not work. Small, individual groups and organizations will have to depend on themselves if they want to see something done. The benefits of the government not helping are that others would not feel forced into helping a cause that they do not care about and that their money is going to something that they themselves can personally benefit from. The downside to the government interfering is that homeowners begin to lose their say in how they keep and tend to their property. These people may not feel the same way about saving a species as someone else might, yet they would be required to adhere to any rules and regulations that are set down for the purpose of protecting these animals. There can also still be instances when the homeowners disregard the regulations, feeling that it is not the governments business to tell them how to tend to their yard, as Cone shows. In fact, as Cone did by threatening to just kill off the woodpecker, people can just cause more harm to the species, even if the government

Barriers to International Trade in the Current Economic Climate Essay

Barriers to International Trade in the Current Economic Climate - Essay Example The administrative cost of trade are not negligible in costs and are thus making businesses across countries appears expensive and leads to minimized profits (Farole & Akinci, 2011). A good example of an administrative trade barrier can be seen in the trade between the United States of America and Spain. Administrative costs of doing business between these two countries can be captured in where the cost of trade documentation and customs procedures is so numerous and inhibits trade. The administrative cost barrier can be solved by proper negotiations between the business community with the government of various states so that they can find a way of minimizing documentation and customs procedures (Daniels, Radebauch & Sullivan, 2011). Trading countries should also find a way of harmonizing their administrative means so that they avoid being prohibitive to trade between countries. Cultural differences Different places on earth are associated with different cultures that dictate the kin d of consumer lifestyle and behaviours with respect to different goods and services. The biggest the cultural difference, the increased economic distance between traders of that comes from different parts of the world. Cultures also bring in different norms and values that implicate the ease in which businesses are done between cultural diverse groups of people. Cultural familiarity increases decreases with an increase in cultural familiarity and this is also proportional to the ease with which trade can be conducted between those countries (Adekola & Sergi, 2007). An Indian doing business in Germany should also be similarly be ready to adapt to the local cultural... This paper offers a comprehensive theoretic analysis of the impacts of numerous economic factors, that hamper growth of the international trade. There have been many liberalization efforts that have been put in place to solve the barriers that affect international trade but they are still available. This has resulted in a scenario whereby trade between countries is smaller than trade within the country. The speed at which trade can take place between countries is a very important component of trade especially when it involves more than one country. Time affect the trade of perishable commodities like agricultural goods. The speed at which trade can take place between countries is a very important component of trade especially when it involves more than one country. Time affect the trade of perishable commodities like agricultural goods. Different places on earth are associated with different cultures that dictate the kind of consumer lifestyle and behaviours with respect to different goods and services. The biggest the cultural difference, the increased economic distance between traders of that comes from different parts of the world. Transporting goods between one place to another acts as a natural barrier due to high prohibitive costs needed to move some kind of goods. Tariffs are tax imposed by local government on goods and services that operate within their country to generate incomes for their country government. Safety regulations are sometimes a big barrier to the way in which businesses are done in most countries

Men, Football, and TV Essay -- Sports Televison

Men, Football, and TV By a series of surveys, interviews, and looking at people’s personal history I will prove that even though some women enjoy watching football, a higher majority of men enjoy watching football more than women because most men grow up watching football. Because most men grow up watching football it is a logical conclusion that they would continue to watch it when they grow up. On the other hand most women do not grow up watching football so it is logical to conclude that since they do not watch it when they are young they have no reason to watch it when they grow up. It is my opinion that men enjoy watching football more than women do. I know that some women do watch football; however, I believe they watch it for different reasons than men do. I decided that this would be an interesting topic for a research paper because I believe that football is a more masculine sport that most males grow up watching with other males in their households. They continue to primarily watch football with males, as they grow older. I used many different methods in determining if my thesis was correct. I took surveys, conducted interviews, and looked at each individual’s personal history to try to support my thesis. By using these different methods I tried to eliminate possible error. I interviewed a male and female student about the game of football to see if gender plays a role in determining whether football attracts more males or females. I then surveyed five women and five men. One male student told me that he only began watching football this season because of his roommate. He stated that even though he watched football with his father when he was younger, he... ...they told me it was not to support a team but rather they like how it feels and they like how certain jerseys match their clothes. I asked the men if they buy football memorabilia. They responded that they have bought some football jerseys but they would only buy jerseys of their favorite teams or favorite players. My final conclusion is that personal history plays a role in whether or not men and women watch football. All the men who told me their personal history told me that they watched football when they were young and most of the men still watch it to this day. All of the women told me that they did not watch football when they were young. When asked if they watch it now many said no and some said that they watch it every once in a while. Because of this I concluded that personal history plays a role in whether or not men and women watch football.

Bizrate Case study- SWOT analysis Essay

1. Bizrate.com (1996) is the US Internet service involving a portfolio of shopping web sites as a price comparison service. It also collects consumers’ feedbacks and reviews of stores and products. Later on, the Red October company also created price comparison toolbar where people can search and compare the products’ prices no matter which website they are browsing at. Bizrate or Shopzilla uses the common model called Pay per click (PPC) and Cost Per Click (CPC) and the main revenue comes from sellers to merchants. Value delivers to online buyers is Trust and Being online judicatory thirdparty providing non-bias product and service information and reviews for purchasing the item. Value for the merchant and e-commerce website is a â€Å"creditability† and â€Å"image† and being a middle person to communicate between customers and merchants. Bizrate also acts as online â€Å"advertising tools† as well. Suggestion: Separate into 2 different market oriented firms – E-commerce: Sales Ads or top search position, develop e-mail marketing on existed customers’ database. Create variety of customized choices for its own search engines and research products. – Keep the research firm as it is 50% of total revenue and was renowned for reliability for buyers and merchants for years. SWOT Strength: 1. Bizrate was renowned for online reliable sources on its original market research business. It also establish before any others in the same kind of business/industry. 2. The company has a huge customer analysis and database, which cover all categories. 3. It includes real-time customer feedback at the point-of-purchase Weakness: 1. The company has to push forward its business in order to be competitive among other companies doing the same business. 2. Being the comparison search engine has nothing much to develop in terms of income besides selling PPC, click-through and customer analysis information for merchants. 3. They have not decided whether they will keep being the reliable research firm or go for e-commerce campaign (e-mail marketing, etc.) Opportunity: 1. In a globalized and technology based century, there are many opportunities for online investments in marketing. And people start to shop more online rather than going to local department store because it is convenient to buy online in terms of saving travellingc y costs and cheaper products (Some websites also provide Free Shipping Deals). 2. Nowadays, the customer insight and information is considered vital for any business to develop a marketing plan and improve their product innovation and services. Many business give more attention to CRM (Customer Relationship Management), which requires these useful information in order to develop long-term relationship with the customers. Threats: 1. Big e-commerce business like E-bay and Amazon started to have their own rating and comparison system. With bigger budget and newer technology, they might come up with their own strategy so customers don’t need to rely on a price comparison tools website anymore. Indirect threat* [ 2. Local shops might promote themselves with sale and promotion on being the place to give more proper information (Advice from professional sales or product’s technician) and seeing as a place to socialise among sellers and buyers, which might attract online buyers. The need of comparing the price will be less if they were distracted by local shops’ real deals or big sales where they can try and test the affordable and quality products themselves. ]